2020考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day193

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研信息网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。 

巴托比专栏:男人的世界(2)

When their performance is reviewed, Ms Criado Perez argues that women are criticised for being bossy,abrasive or strident, whereas men are encouraged to be more aggressive.But if women are warm and friendly, they get criticised for being insufficiently professional.Women's physical health, too, may be affected by male-dominated design. Their bodies absorb chemicals more quickly than men's do.The long-term effects of inhaled particles on (mostly male) miners have been studied extensively;those of cleaning products on (mostly female) cleaners have not.

译文

当评论她们的表现时，克里亚多·佩雷斯争辩称，女性因专横、冷酷或严厉而受批评，而男性却被鼓励要更好斗一些。但如果女性温柔友善，她们又会因不够专业而受批评。女性的身体健康也受到男性主宰设定的影响。她们的身体吸收化学物品的速度比男性快。吸入颗粒对旷工（大部分为女性）的长期影响已被广泛研究；而清洁用品对清洁工（大部分为女性）的研究却没有。

In construction and engineering, tools and safety jackets are designed for male hands and bodies, not female ones.Bulletproof and stabproof jackets are also designed for men and thus do not fit women comfortably;a British police officer removed her jacket so she could use a hydraulic ram to enter a flat, only to be stabbed and killed.Many men do not realise there is a problem. Those who believe they are objective when recruiting are nevertheless more likely to hire another man than a woman with identical qualifications, as a paper from 2007 showed.

译文

在建筑和工程业，工具和安全夹克都是按照男性手掌和身材设计的，不是女性。防弹夹克和防刺夹克也都是为男性设计的，因此不太适合女性穿着；一名英国警官脱下了她的警服，这样她就可以用水锤泵进入公寓，结果却被捅死了。很多男性没有意识到有问题。但那些自认为在招聘时很客观的人更可能雇佣另一名男性而不选择一名同等条件的女性，如2007年的一份论文所述。

A similar issue is apparent with race, as Jennifer Eberhardt, a professor at Stanford University,describes in her book "Biased: The New Science of Race and Inequality".An American study showed that candidates with blacksounding names get fewer callbacks than those with traditional European names.Even highly qualified African-Americans received fewer calls for interview than whites with lesser qualifications.White people with a criminal record received as many callbacks from employers as black people who had never committed an offence.

译文

同样的问题也出现在种族上，如斯坦福大学教授珍尼弗·爱伯哈特在她的作品《Biased: The New Science of Race and Inequality》一书中所述。一项美国研究表明，名字听起来像黑人的候选人得到回复的机会比那些拥有传统欧式名字的人要少。即便是高学历的非裔美国人收到面试通知的几率也比资历不高的白人要少。有案底的白人收到雇主反馈的几率和没有案底的黑人一样多。

And this was true whether or not the company described itself as an "equal opportunity employer".It is natural if you have succeeded in work to assume this was down to your own merits.But the existence of hidden biases shows that the playing field is not level.As both authors argue, preventing discrimination depends not on white men discovering their inner liberal but on decisions being taken by those with broader perspectives.If every executive carries a hammer, it might not occur to them that some jobs need a screwdriver.

译文

不论公司是否称自己的是一家“机会平等的公司”都是如此。如果你在工作中取得了成功，你自然会认为这都是你自己的功劳。但隐藏偏见的存在表明竞争环境不公平。正如两位作者所言，防止歧视不取决于白人男性发现了他们的内心自由而是取决于那些拥有更广阔视角的人所采取的决定。如果每个高管都拿着一把锤子，他们可能不会想到一些工作需要一把螺丝刀。

注释

1.be criticized for 因...受批评

I think he should be criticized for being late. 

我认为他该因迟到受批评。

2.insufficiently不够地；不能胜任地

Honest is only because entices insufficiently! 

正派只是因为诱惑不够！

3.identical 完全相同的

The two pictures are similar, although not identical.

这两幅画很相似，虽然不完全相同。

4.discrimination 歧视

She is exempt from sex discrimination laws.

她免受性别歧视法的追究。

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