2016考研：英语阅读应具备的五大能力

  【摘要】考研阅读的重要性不言而喻，不仅占分多，而且得分难。接下来就来谈谈考研阅读需要具备五大能力，各位同学可做参考。

  
  单词能力
  其实非常多阅读题目，最终归结到底与单词相互关联。经典的例子如：

  例1：2003年第一篇
  Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
  21. The emergence of the Net has ________.
  [A] received support from fans like Donovan
  [B] remolded the intelligence services
  [C] restored many common pastimes
  [D] revived spying as a profession

  【解析】这道题定位在最后一句，由于Bill Donovan的职业（vocation）就是情报服务，所以说到底本题考察了re-made是否能和restore同意替换，reshape是否能和remold同意替换。其中restore表示恢复，并非re-made重新制造的意思（试想：“恢复精力”和“重新制造精力”显然有区别）。所以正确答案选择B。

  定位能力
  很多学生经常凭借解题，而印象有时很主观，往往与实际的文章内容出入较大。学生应该培养一种基于文章的事实去解题的基本素养。经典例子如：

  Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure atyour own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Suchbehaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption thatother animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all toomonkey, as well.
  22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Lastline, paragraph l) implies that ________.
  [A] monkeys are also outraged byslack rivals
  [B] resenting unfairness is alsomonkeys’ nature
  [C] monkeys, like humans, tend tobe jealous of each other
  [D] no animals other than monkey scan develop such emotions

  【解析】该段文字讲述了猴子和人可能具有某些共同点。于是通过文章一开头对于人的描述来推断猴子：人看到同事加薪更多，喜悦尽失。于是很多学生毫不犹豫地选择了C，即人之间会产生一种嫉妒的情绪（所以推断到猴子也会）。但是这些同学刚好落入出题人的陷阱！定位原文，我们发现其实这种情绪在文章有表述this finely developed sense of grievance。答案当然是B，resent（厌恶，憎恨）刚好是grievance（委屈，不满）的替换，文中并没有提到嫉妒（这是学生自己用主观经验推测出来的）。

  推断能力
  That the seas are beingoverfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers andBoris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked athalf a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do notattempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomassover time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass oflarge predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery isreduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In somelong-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
  32. We can infer from Dr Myersand Dr Worm's paper that
  [A] the stock of largepredators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
  [B] there are only half asmany fisheries as there were 15 years ago
  [C] the catch sizes in newfisheries are only 20% of the original amount
  [D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old

  【解析】说到推断能力，我们必须拿出这道“臭名昭著”的题目。因为学生在考场短期内，确实需要非常迅速的判断力才能正确地解决这道题目。该题需要思考几个问题：1、old fishery和new fishery到底指什么？2、这些渔场在不同时间段到底下降了多少大型捕食者的量？3、“again”和“since then”暗示了什么？答案大家估计都知道，说穿了也不难。但是这题目把玩的地方还是非常多的，有兴趣的同学，可以思考地深入一些，锻炼自己的推断思维。

  筛选能力
  考研阅读大部分题目是通过排除法，不言而喻。有的时候甚至会出现为什么该题答案是A，因为BCD必错所以才选A。是的，这就是elimination strategy！问题在于如何锻炼自己敏锐的定位推断综合判断选项对错，这需要大家了解很多错误答案的形式。比如：

  Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking wouldkill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That theevidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobbywas out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of theway? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10million smokers went to early graves.
  26. An argument made by supporters of smoking wasthat ________.
  [A] there was no scientific evidence of thecorrelation between smoking and death
  [B] the number of early deaths of smokers in thepast decades was insignificant
  [C] people had the freedom to choose their own wayof life
  [D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

  【解析】这道题目的A选项很容易误选，因为文章有定位点“That theevidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain”感觉非常像。实际上有做题经验的同学就会思考这个答案似乎有问题，因为文章说的no太绝对化了。证据（evidence）仅仅只是没有定论，不代表没有！所以培养这种敏锐的判断力非常关键。答案是C，在文中略难看出，通过排除法轻松获得。

  归纳能力
  当然这种能力一般用于解决中心题，目的题，甚至很多推断题。主要目的是让学生概括归纳出一段话的意思，到底作者要说明说明。比如：

  It never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them - especially in America - the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seenas a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and airtravel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businessesof every variety.
  36.The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
  [A] the fierce businesscompetition.
  [B] the feeble boss-board relations.
  [C] the threat from newsreports.
  [D] the severity of data leakage.

  【解析】这道题问的是“不雨则已一雨倾盆”为了引出什么，什么就是问这段话到底要说明什么。显然这段话非常难懂，很多学生看了半天不知所云。那么这时候能力的差异就体现出来了。有些学生尽管读不懂，但是善于挖掘里面的关键信息来概括中心，这段话中的data insecurity就成为了中心思想。答案自然选择D。当然后文也给出推断点。

  所以考研阅读理解尽管看起来难，但是主题还是培养学生基本素养，个人认为还是很有特色的一种题型。大家多积累经验，才能对于考研英语有一个非常全面的理解和把握。

  以上内容由聚英考研网整理发布。

  考研微信平台：聚英考研网（sxzykkaoyan）