2020考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day216

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。 

缺勤的快乐（2）

After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most prevalent in Japan,where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort.In doing so, they are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours.As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer.

译文

一段时间后，这可能会导致集体的自我欺骗，认为这种伪装是真正的工作。但是出勤有更严重的后果。这可能在日本最为普遍，在日本，即使身体不适，人们也会出勤。这样做对他们自己和雇主都没有任何好处。这么做会增加雇主的医疗开支，还会降低生产力。

According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine,these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers.To take one example, research published in the British Medical Journal found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain.As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression.

译文

根据《Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine》中的一项研究，对雇主来说，这些成本可能是工人旷工成本的6倍。举个例子，发表于《British Medical Journal》一项研究发现患有腰背痛的日本员工去上班的可能性是英国员工的三倍。因此，那些员工有可能经历更加剧烈的疼痛并患上抑郁症。

What could be more dispiriting than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?None of this is to say that employers are not entitled to expect workers to be in the office for a decent proportion of time.Inevitably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings.Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of camaraderie,allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their mutual needs.

译文

还有什么比在工作中陷入痛苦更令人沮丧的呢？但这并不是说雇主没有权利要求员工在办公室待适当比例的时间。公司不可避免地要举行一些（最好是时间较短的）会议。面对面地与同事相处能产生一种同志情谊，有助于有益的思想交流，还能让员工对彼此的需求有更好的感受。

In the grand sweep of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon.Before the industrial era, most people worked in their own farm or workshop and were paid for the amount they produced.Factories emerged because new machines were much more efficient than cottage-industry methods,and only a large employer with capital could afford them.Suddenly, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were required to clock in and out.But modern machinery like smart phones and laptops is portable. It can be used as easily at home as in the office.Turning an office into a prison, with inmates allowed home for the evenings,does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated.To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.

译文

在人类进程中，出勤是一个近期现象。工业时期以前，大部分人都在自家农场或作坊工作，按照自己的生产量赚工资。由于新机器比家庭手工业更高效，所以工厂出现了，只有拥有资本的大雇主才能买得起新机器。突然，工人们工资不是看他们的产出，而是看他们的时间，同时还被要求按表上下班。但是像智能手机和笔记本电脑这样的现代机器是便携式的。在家和在办公室都能轻松使用。把办公室变成监狱，允许犯人晚上回家，这么做对创造力没任何好处，随着日常工作的自动化，对办公室工作人员创造力的要求越来越高。想要富有成效，需要出席的是精神，而不是肉身。

注释

1.prevalent 流行的；普遍的

These prejudices are particularly prevalent among people living in the North.

这些偏见在北方人中尤为常见。

2.dispiriting 令人沮丧的

It's very dispiriting for anyone to be out of a job.

失业对每一个人来说都很懊丧。

3.inmate 犯人

He learned this song as an inmate at a Texas prison.

他在得克萨斯监狱服刑时学会了这首歌。

4.emerge 涌现

No new evidence emerged during the investigation.

调查过程中未发现新证据。

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