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经济学人:自由兑换:欧元区的经常账户盈余(4)
Still, this uneven adjustment in the euro area could explain why both demand and inflation,once energy and food prices are excluded, have been stubbornly low.Since crisis countries still need to reduce their stocks of external liabilities (ie, the accumulation of past current-account deficits)and public-sector debt, that looks set to continue.
译文
欧元区内的这种不均匀调整还能够解释,为什么一旦能源和食物价格被排除在外,需求和膨胀就会低迷不振。危机国家仍然需要减少他们的对外负债持股(比如,以前那些经常账户赤字的积累)以及公共部门债务,这种情况似乎还将继续。
John Maynard Keynes recognised the risk of such asymmetry in the 1940s:"The process of adjustment is compulsory for the debtor and voluntary for the creditor.If the creditor does not choose to make, or allow, his share of the adjustment, he suffers no inconvenience."Keynes wanted to tax countries that hoarded trade surpluses.
译文
在上世纪40年代,对于这种不对称的风险,约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯是这么认为的:“调整进程,对债务人而言是强制的,对债权人来说是自愿的。如果债权人没有选择或允许对他的份额做出调整,那么他不会遇到任何麻烦。”凯恩斯希望对储存贸易盈余的国家征税。
In 2011 the European Commission set up a "macroeconomic-imbalance procedure" to tackle the problem.But the process appears to place less weight on surpluses than on deficits and lacks the means to enforce its recommendations.
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为了解决这个问题,2011年欧洲委员会制定了“宏观经济失衡程序”。但是这个程序的重点似乎在于赤字而非盈余上,且缺乏强制推行的方法。
Another way of dealing with imbalances would be to encourage greater risk-sharing through fiscal and (deeper) banking union.The euro zone would become more like America, where inter-state imbalances are not even recorded.But that too seems politically infeasible. The euro area's long slog will carry on, and debtor countries will bear the burden.
译文
解决失衡问题的另一种方法将会是通过财政和银行联盟鼓励更大的风险分担。欧元区将变得更像美国,国与国之间的失衡甚至不会被记载下来。但是这似乎在政治上是不可行的。欧元区将继续坎坷道路,债权国将承担责任。
注释
1.exclude 排除
Many of the youngsters feel excluded.
很多年轻人感觉受排挤。
2.compulsory 强制性的
Many young men are trying to get away from compulsory military conscription.
很多年轻人试图逃避强制征兵的政策。
3.place weight on 把重点放在...上
But it has become self-defeating for the US to place so much weight on them.
但美国过分倚重于这种机制,已经开始有些弄巧成拙。
4.infeasible 不可行的
This is surely politically infeasible.
这在政治上显然是不可行的。
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