每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day122

无论是学什么类型的外语，日常的积累是必不可少的过程，英语当然也是这样，如果你想要学好它，就需要每天抽出时间来和它培养感情。跟着聚英考研信息网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人:自由交流:特朗普税改面临的"道德风险"(2)

 

Finance and Economics

财经

 

Free exchange: Moral hazard

自由交流：道德风险

 

This approach is enormously valuable.It disciplines thinking, produces useful information and makes it easier to build professional consensus about what is known and which questions remain unanswered.Though cost-benefit analysis is not perfect, is often the best route to getting informed experts to agree.Used in isolation, however, it can lead to trouble.

译文

这种方式非常有价值。它训练了思维，产生有用的信息，使人们更容易建立专业的共识，知道什么是已知的，哪些问题仍没有答案。尽管成本收益分析法并不完美，但通常是让专家们取得一致的最佳选择。然而，如果孤立地使用它，将会带来麻烦。

 

In a paper presented at the annual conference of the American Economic Association (AEA) in January, Matthew Weinzierl, of Harvard University,notes that the world is too complicated to be modelled with anything like perfect accuracy.Many knock-on effects from policy shifts are unknowable beforehand.He suggests that in the absence of perfect foresight, policymakers could turn to social principles or rules that have evolved over time.These may reflect accumulated knowledge about some choices’ unintended consequences.

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今年1月份，哈佛大学的马修· Weinzierl在美国经济协会（AEA）的年度会议上发表的一篇论文中指出，世界太复杂，不能以完美的精确度来被建模。政策转变带来的许多连锁反应是不可知的。他认为，在缺乏完美预见的情形下，政策制定者可以转向社会原则或随着时间而演变的规则。这些可能反映了积累的关于某些选择的意外结果的知识。

 

He gives an example.Governments might choose to increase redistribution based on evidence that high inequality creates feelings of envy, and envy reduces the welfare of the non rich by making them feel worse.Yet survey evidence suggests that people are largely opposed to redistribution that is motivated by envy.

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他给出了一个例子。政府可能会选择增加再分配，基于这样的证据，高度不平等会产生嫉妒感，而嫉妒感会使非富人的福利变得更糟糕。但调查证据表明，人们在很大程度上反对由嫉妒感引起的再分配。

 

Validating envy through tax policy could prove socially corrosive, in a way that economists’ models fail to capture.Put differently, Mr Weinzierl contends that economists should take moral concerns more seriously.That is something close to professional heresy.

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通过税收政策来验证嫉妒心理可能会对社会产生腐蚀，而经济学家的模型无法捕捉到这点。换句话说，Weinzierl先生认为经济学家应该更认真地对待道德问题。这与专业的异端邪说很接近。

 

注释

1.lead to 导致

例句:A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.

不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。

 

2.Put differently 换句话说

例句:Put differently, there is really only one new economic giant in town.

换句话说，世界上只有一个真正的新的经济巨人。

 

3.tax policy 税收政策

例句:The parliament took the president's tax policy under advisement and denied it.

国会对总统的税法政策进行考虑后否决了。

 

4.annual conference 年度会议

例句:The British Labor Party concludes its annual conference today in Brighton.

英国工党的年度会议今天在布赖顿闭幕。

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