每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day19

  英语是一门需要慢慢积累的学科，想要学好它，速成是不可取的。跟着聚英考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。
  经济学人:过剩学问:产能过剩和产能不足(2)
  Economics Brief  Six Big Ideas
  经济学简介 六大经济学理论
  Glutology：Overcapacity and undercapacity

  过剩的学问：产能过剩和产能不足

  In France output of yarn grew by 125% from 1806 to 1808, when Say was starting his factory.In Britain the Luddites broke stocking frames to stop machines taking their jobs.
  译文
  就在萨伊创办自己的工厂时，法国的纱线产出在1806年到1808年间增长了125%。在英国，卢德派分子已经开始破坏织袜机，以阻止机器抢了他们的饭碗。
  On the other hand, global demand was damaged by failed ventures in South America and debilitated by the eventual downfall of Napoleon.In Britain government spending was cut by 40% after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.Some 300,000 discharged soldiers and sailors were forced to seek alternative employment.
  译文
  另一方面，全球需求因为在南美洲的失败投机而元气大伤，因为拿破仑的最终倒台而一蹶不振。在英国，1815年的滑铁卢战役后，政府开支被砍掉了40%。大约30000名解甲归田的士兵和水手被迫另谋生路。
  The result was a tide of overcapacity, what Say's contemporaries called a “general glut”.Britain was accused of inundating foreign markets, from Italy to Brazil, much as China is blamed for dumping products today.In 1818 a visitor to America found “not a city, nor a town, in which the quantity of goods offered for sale is not infinitely greater than the means of the buyers”.
  译文
  其结果是一波产能过剩，即萨伊的同辈人所说的“总体性供过于求”（general glut）。就像当今的中国一样，当时的英国被指向从意大利到巴西的外国市场倾销商品。1818年，一位前往美国的游客发现“没有一座城市或者城镇，其被用于出售的商品数量不是无限地大于购买者能力”。
  It was this “general overstock of all the markets of the universe” that came to preoccupy Say and his critics.In trying to explain it, Say at first denied that a “general” glut could exist.Some goods can be oversupplied, he conceded.But goods in general cannot.
  译文
  就是这种“世间所有市场的总体存货过剩”最终吸引了萨伊和他的评论。在试图解释这种过剩时，萨伊一上来就否认，“总体性的”供过于求可能存在。他承认，有些商品可能是被过度供给了。但是，商品总体是不可能的。
  His reasoning became known as Say's law: “it is production which opens a demand for products”, or, in a later, snappier formulation: supply creates its own demand.This proposition, he admitted, has a “paradoxical complexion, which creates a prejudice against it”.To the modern ear, it sounds like the foolhardy belief that “if you build it, they will come”.
  译文
  他的推理成为了著名的萨伊定律（Say's law）:“正是生产开启对产品的需求”，或者是用后来更时髦的公式来说，就是：供给创造自己的需求（supply creates its own demand）。他承认，这种观点有一种“似是而非的情况，这造成了一种对它的偏见”。对于现代人来说，这听上去像是那种“只要建，就有人来”的愚蠢信条。
  Rick Perry, America's energy secretary, was ridiculed after a recent visit to a West Virginia coal plant for saying, “You put the supply out there and the demand will follow.”
  译文
  日前，美国能源部长里克·佩里在访问了西佛吉尼亚的一座煤矿后，曾因为“把供给摆在那里，需求就会随之而来”的言论遭到嘲笑。
  注释
  1.On the other hand 另一方面
  例句:On the one hand, they wanted very much to visit their squad leader in hospital; on the other hand, they didn't want to disturb his rest.
  他们一方面很想去医院看望班长，一方面又怕影响他休息。
  2.foreign markets 国外市场
  例句:This company product best-selling domestic and foreign markets, export many countries and area.
  本公司产品畅销国内外市场，出口多个国家和地区。
  3.global demand 全球需求
  例句:The root cause of the increase in energy and food prices was most probably rising global demand.
  能源和食品价格上涨的根本原因，极有可能是全球需求的增长。
  4.accused of 指控
  例句:They have been accused of genocidal crimes.

  他们被指控犯有种族灭绝罪。

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