17考研英语：It用法详解

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  It用法详解

  it 在英语中的意思较多，用法较广，现总结如下。

  (一) it作句子的真正主语

  1.it 指前面已经提到过的人或事物，有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物，作真正主语。

  例如：

  What’s this? -It is a sheep? 这是什么??这是一只绵羊。

  Who is it? -It’s me (I). 谁??是我。

  It’s the wind shaking the window. 是风刮得窗户响。

  2.it指时间、季节。一般用在无人称动词的主语。

  例如：

  What time is it? -It’s nine. 几点了??九点了。

  It’s time for the meeting. Let’s go. 开会的时间到了，我们走吧。

  What day is today? -It’s Saturday. 今天星期几??今天星期六。

  What’s the date today? -It is October 1st.

  今天是几号? ?今天是十月一日。

  What season is it? -It is summer. 现在是什么季节??是夏季。

  3.it 指气候。一般作无人称动词的主语。

  例如：

  Is it cold in this room? -No, it isn’t. 屋里冷吗??不冷。

  What’s the weather like today? -It is fine.

  今天天气怎么样??是晴天。

  It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.

  这个城市夏天经常下雨，冬天经常下雪。

  4.it指距离、情况等。一般用作无人称动词的主语。

  例如：

  It is five kilometers from my home to the school.

  从我家到学校有五公里。

  It is very near from this factory to that one.

  从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。

  It is a long way to the sea. 离海很远。

  Is it well with you? 你身体好吗?

  (二) it作形式主语

  动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用，而这一部分用词较多时，可以用it作为形式主语，放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。

  1.It +谓语+动词不定式。It 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。

  例如：

  It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艰难的。

  It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是个好习惯。

  It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。

  It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。

  2.It+谓语+动名词短语。It 作形式主语，动名词短语作真正的主语。

  例如：

  It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。

  It is no use learning without thinking. 学而不思则罔。

  It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。

  3.It +谓语+名词性从句。It 作形式主语，以that 引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。

  例如：

  It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.

  你没看这么好的电影，真可惜。

  It is certain that we shall succeed. 我们一定会成功。

  It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.

  真奇怪，谁也不知道他住在哪里。

  (It is strange that…后面可用虚拟语气。

  如：It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.

  他居然犯了这样一个错误，真奇怪。

  It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.居然没有人知道他住在哪里，真奇怪。)

  It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.

  据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。

  (三) it作形式宾语

  it 作形式宾语，代表其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是以that 引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。例如：

  I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.

  我认为你们中国学生学习英语，不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。

  I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.

  我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。

  I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.

  我记得向你明确表示过我不来。

  They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.

  他们要向公众表明，他们在做一件重要而又必要的工作。

  (四)it 用于强调结构

  在表示强调的结构中，it 可用作先行代词，这种结构的句型如下：It +is/was +被强调的部分+that +其他部分。如果强调的部分是人，可用who, whom 代替that.

  例如：Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.王教授每星期一下午教我们英语。

  强调主语：It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

  强调间接宾语：It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.

  强调直接宾语：It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.

  强调状语：It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.

  It was here that I first met him. 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。

  (强调状语)

  It is the people who are realy powerful.

  翻译练习

  1)该上课了，快。

  It is time for class. Hurry up.

  2)从这儿到你们学校远吗??不远，大约一公里。

  Is it far from here to your school? ?No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.

  3)从我家到颐和园去很近。

  It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.

  4)(天)正在下雨。

  It’s raining now.

  5)电灯是爱迪生发明的。

  It was Edison who invented the electric light.

  6)我认为学习一门外语是很重要的。

  I think it important to learn a foreign language.

  7)他通常一天读两次英语。

  He made it a rule to read English twice a day.

  8)从我家去天安门广场坐公共汽车大约要一个小时。

  It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.

  反意疑问句

  反意疑问句相当于“对不对?”“好不好?”“行不行?”，用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加疑问短语，中间用逗号隔开，所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。通常的形式是：肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问，或否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问。

  如：He studies English, doesn’t he?

  He doesn’t study English, does he?

  They are from America, aren’t they?

  They are not from America, are they?

  反意疑问句的主要形式：

  1.如果主句是be或其他助动词(如can, shall, will 等)，其反意疑问句用同一助动词。

  如：We are late, aren’t we?

  You haven’t met my wife, have you?

  He can drive a car, can’t he?

  They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they?

  You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you?

  2.如果主语带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定词或半否定词时，因为主句本身具有否定意义，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定式，

  如：

  We seldom go to the cinema, do we?

  Sue almost never worked, did she?

  3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”结构，由于”am not” 没有相应的缩略形式，附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I 代替。

  如：I am your friend, aren’t I?

  I’m late, aren’t I?

  I am a student, aren’t I?

  在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.

  4. 在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.

  如：Sit down, will you?

  Have some tea, won’t you?

  Open the window, won’t you?

  这种句子可以理解为: Will you do something?

  如:Will you open the window?

  注意：否定的祈使句之后，只能用will.

  如：Don’t forget, will you?

  Don’t make so much noise, will you?

  5.以Let’s… 开头的祈使句，肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如：

  Let’s go back to our seats, shall we?

  Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?)

  这种句子可以理解为：Shall we (do something?),

  如:Shall we go back to our seats.这样有助于理解和记忆。

  注意：Let’s 与Let us 的区别：Let’s包括听话人在内，应用shall we, 而Let us 不包括听话人在内，表示“请你让我们…”，要用will you.

  如：Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建议)

  Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示请求)

  6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等时，附加疑问部分则往往与that 从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。

  如：I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?

  (这句话明显是要问“你是不是知道?”而不是问“我是不是这样认为?”)

  I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?

  7.当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时，附加疑问既可用have, 也可用do,

  如：You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?

  当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时，附加疑问要用do,

  如：You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?

  They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?

  8.There be句型的反意疑问句，用there 作主语。

  如：There is something wrong, isn’t there?

  There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦，是吗?

  9.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they.

  如：Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?

  英语反意疑问句的回答有点和汉语的相反。但一定要记住：只要回答是肯定的，都用yes，只要回答是否定的，都用no。这在主句是否定句的时候要特别注意。

  例如：Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?No, he can’t.琼斯先生不会讲法语，对吗?对，他不会讲法语。

  Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?Yes, he can.琼斯先生不会讲法语，对吗?不，他会讲法语。

  This is not a door, is it? -Yes, it is. It is an iron door.这不是门，对吗?不，这是门，是扇铁门。