2020考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day190

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研信息网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。 

人口即命运(1)

For centuries prior to the Industrial Revolution, Asia's massively populous societies made the continent the world's centre of economic gravity.Industrialisation in Europe and North America in the19th century briefly knocked it from its perch.But now their collective economic might, measured in real output on a purchasing-power-parity basis,is forecast to account for more than half of global production by 2020.Was the West's period of dominance an anomaly, which could only ever have been short-lived? Is population destiny?It stands to reason that countries with larger populations might enjoy long-run economic advantages.People are the raw material of economic growth, after all. The more there are, the greater the likelihood that one becomes a Gutenberg or a Watt.

译文

工业革命几个世纪前，亚洲的人口大国使这片大陆成为世界经济重心。19世纪，欧洲和北美工业革命暂时将其挤下高位。但现在截止到2020年，他们的集体经济（以购买力平价基础，计算其实际产出）预计可能占全球生产的一半多。西方的支配时期只是个短暂存在异类么？人口即命运么？显然人口较多的国家可能享有长期的经济优势。毕竟人口是经济增长的原料。人口越多，就越有可能出现古腾堡或瓦特这类人。

In a world without much international trade, populous countries offer the largest markets,and comparatively more opportunity to boost economic output through specialisation and trade.Projecting economic growth rates is fantastically hard even over very short time horizons; over centuries, it is as good as impossible.But there are worse strategies than betting on the places with the most people.Klaus Desmet of Southern Methodist University, David Krisztian Nagy of CREI, a research institute,and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg of Princeton University do just that.

译文

在一个没有太过国际贸易的世界中，人口大国提供最大的市场以及相对更多的机会，可以通过专业化和贸易促进经济产出。预测短期内的经济增长率非常困难；几个世纪更是近乎不可能。但还有比把赌注压在人最多的地方更糟糕的策略。南卫理工会大学的Klaus Desmet，研究机构CREI的David Krisztian Nagy以及普林斯顿大学的Esteban Rossi-Hansberg正是这么做的。

In a paper that last month won them the Robert Lucas prize, which recognises excellent research in political economy,they build a model that yokes economic performance to population size,within which they can run time forward by hundreds of years to watch the balance of economic power change.Long-run growth, they suggest, is driven by improvements in technology.And more populous countries should accumulate more innovation than smaller ones do because the return on developing a new technology is higher—there are more people to buy Edison's light bulb and to enrich Edison,and therefore more incentive to invent the light bulb in the first place.

译文

他们上个月发表的论文获得了罗伯特·卢卡斯奖，该奖项是表彰政治经济中的杰出研究，他们建立了一个模型，将经济表现和人口规模相结合，通过该模型，他们可以将时间推进几百年以观测经济实力变化的平衡。他们认为长期增长是由技术的改善所驱动的。人口越多的国家应该比人口较少的国家积累更多的创新。因为发开一项新技术的回报更高—有更多的人会去购买爱迪生的电灯泡并让他变得富足，因此发明电灯泡的动机就越多。

注释

1.prior to 在...之前

Just phone in your order three or more days prior to departure.

在出发的三天之前打电话预订即可。

2.briefly 暂时地

He had spoken to Emma only briefly .

他和埃玛只讲了短短的几句话。

3.boost 促进

It wants the government to take action to boost the economy.

它希望政府采取行动促进经济发展。

4.accumulate 积累

By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.

她投资精明，积累了一笔财富。

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