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经济学人:自由交流:"城市拥堵"造成巨大经济损失(2)
Finance and Economics
财经
Free exchange: Jam tomorrow
自由交流:堵在明天
Regrettably, clumping leads to crowding: the more people an area houses, the greater the competition for its scarce resources,from seats at a hot new restaurant to space on public roadways.Each new arrival enhances a city’s magic but also adds to congestion.
译文
遗憾的是,聚集带来了拥堵:一个区域住了越多的人,稀缺资源的竞争越激烈,从一家很火的新餐厅的座位到公路上的空间。每一位新成员提高了城市的魔力,但是也增加了拥堵。
Cities grow until costs outstrip benefits.New transport technologies are not useless.Mass-transit railways and highways allowed big cities to get bigger.But their congestion-easing benefits inevitably proved temporary.
译文
城市一直会增长,直到成本超过了收益。新的运输科技不是无用的。铁路和高速路公共交通让大城市成为更大的城市。但是,它们缓解交通拥挤的好处证明是必然短暂的。
When the New York subway extended into northern Manhattan, it became practical to live far from the dirty, expensive, crowded downtown area,while still enjoying access to the city’s social and economic benefits.So the city’s population rose—a lot—leaving New Yorkers once more cheek by jowl.A post-war highway-building boom in America yielded explosive growth in city suburbs.Cities once again found their equilibrium, however, as the suburban land rush led to road congestion, raising the cost of living far from employment centres.
译文
当纽约的地铁延伸到曼哈顿北部时,住在远离肮脏、昂贵而又拥挤的市中心的地方,同时仍旧可以享受拥有城市社会经济福利,这样的生活就变的实际。因此,城市的人口增加了很多——使得纽约客更加密密匝匝地拥挤。美国战后大量高速路的修建带来了城市郊区的爆发式增长。城市再一次找到了均衡,然而,由于郊区土地热潮导致了道路拥堵,提高了住在远离就业中心的成本。
In a paper published in 2011, Gilles Duranton, of the University of Pennsylvania, and Matthew Turner, of Brown University, identified a “fundamental law of road congestion”:namely, that building more highways does not alleviate congestion.Rather, it attracts more residents, leads to more driving by existing residents and boosts transport-intensive economic activity, until roads are once again crammed.
译文
在2011年发表的一篇论文中,宾夕法尼亚大学的GD和布朗大学的MT,提出了“城市拥堵的基本法则”:也就是,建更多的高速路并不会减轻拥堵。而是会吸引更多的居民,导致更多现有居民开车出行,并且使得运输密集的经济活动增加,直到道路再次拥挤。
Driverless cars should cut traffic, other things being equal.Lower accident rates will mean fewer crash-related hold-ups, while AIs that can pilot cars more closely together will boost road capacity.
译文
在其他条件相同的情况下,无人驾驶汽车可以减少交通拥挤。更低的事故率将意味着更少的因撞车带来的耽搁,同时,人工智能可以使驾驶汽车的间距更近,将提高道路运输量。
注释
1.access to 接近;通向...的入口
例句:They now have access to the mass markets of Japan and the UK.
他们现在进入了日本和英国的大众市场。
2.leads to 导致
例句:Unemployment leads to a sense of uselessness, to say nothing of financial problems.
失业会让人觉得自己一无是处,更何况还会带来经济问题。
3.far from 远离
例句:He was far from being satisfied with the way the things were done.
这几件事办得太不遂他的心了。
4.downtown area 市中心
例句:I have to commute between the university town and the downtown area every day.
我天天上班在大学城和市区之间往返奔波。
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