每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day124

无论是学什么类型的外语，日常的积累是必不可少的过程，英语当然也是这样，如果你想要学好它，就需要每天抽出时间来和它培养感情。跟着聚英考研信息网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人:自由交流:利益交易无需考虑"道德问题"?(2)

 

Finance and Economics：Free exchange

财经:自由交流

 

Though studies show that telling people that payment encourages organ donations increases support for legalising payments, other examples work in the opposite way.Giving women information about the health and safety benefits of legalising prostitution seems to reduce support for legalisation—perhaps because women worry about the consequences of applying a cost-benefit approach to areas relating to their status within society.

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尽管研究表明，告诉人们付款鼓励器官捐赠增加了对合法化支付的支持，但其他例子却恰恰相反。向妇女提供有关合法卖淫的健康和安全利益的信息似乎减少了对合法化的支持——这也许是因为妇女担心在与社会地位有关的领域运用成本收益分析法的后果。

 

Do the right thing.Not all economists avoid ethical considerations entirely.Jean Tirole, another Nobel prizewinner, devoted a chapter of his recent book, “Economics for the Common Good”, to “the moral limits of the market”, for example.He says economists should respect society’s need to set its own goals, then help devise the most efficient ways to attain them.

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做正确的事。并非所有的经济学家都完全不考虑道德问题。例如，另一位诺贝尔奖得主让·梯若尔在其最近出版的著作《公共利益的经济学》中，用了一个章节来描述“市场的道德界限”。他说，经济学家应该尊重社会需要设定自己的目标，然后帮助设计最有效的方法来实现目标。

 

But, as Beatrice Cherrier of the Institute for New Economic Thinking argued in an essay addressing Mr Roth’s lecture, these questions are fundamental to economics.The hard sciences deal much better with the ethical implications of their work, she says.And moral concerns affect human behaviour in economically important ways, as Mr Roth found to his frustration.

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但是，正如新经济思想研究所的碧翠丝·切里尔在一篇发表于罗斯先生讲座的文章中所指出的那样，这些问题是经济学的基础。她说，硬科学及其工作的伦理含义处理得更好。正如罗斯先生发现的那样，道德问题在经济上影响着人类的行为。

 

To be useful, economists need to learn to understand and evaluate moral arguments rather than dismiss them.Many economists will find that a dismal prospect.Calculations of social utility are tidier, and the profession has fallen out of the habit of moral reasoning.But those who wish to say what society should be doing cannot dodge questions of values.

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要想发挥作用，经济学家需要学会理解和评价道德论点，而不是摒弃它们。许多经济学家将会发现这是一个令人沮丧的前景。社会公用事业的计算变得更加复杂，职业已经脱离了道德推理的习惯。但那些想说社会应该做什么的人不应避开价值观的问题。

 

注释

1.deal with 处理；应付

例句:The President said the agreement would allow other vital problems to be dealt with.

总统说这项协议将能使其他关键问题得到解决。

 

2.in the opposite way 相反

例句:Am I always behaving in the opposite way as you expect?

难道我一直都做错了吗？

 

3.fall out of 放弃

例句:In his sleep he let the book fall out of his hand.

他睡着时书从手中掉了下来。

 

4.organ donations 器官捐赠

例句:Traffic accidents are where a huge number of organ donations in the U.S.

在美国很多器官捐赠来自交通事故。

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