每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day25

    英语是一门需要慢慢积累的学科，想要学好它，速成是不可取的。跟着聚英考研信息网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。
    经济学人:六大经济学原理:失业的自然比率(1)
    Economics Brief  Six Big Ideas: The natural rate of unemployment
    经济学简介  六大经济学原理：失业的自然比率
    Central bankers' holy grail
    央行银行家的圣杯

    Policymakers have spent half a century in search of the natural rate of unemployment. The fifth in our series big economic ideas.
    决策者为寻找失业的自然比率花了半个世纪。重大经济思想系列之第五篇。

    Why does unemployment exist?If there is a central question in macroeconomics, this is it.There are few bigger wastes than the loss to idleness of hours, days and years by people who would rather be working.Unemployment can ruin lives, sink budgets and topple governments.Yet policymakers do not wage all-out war on joblessness.
    译文
    失业为什么存在？如果说宏观经济学有一个中心问题，这个问题就是。很少有比可以工作的人几个小时、几天乃至经年累月年地无所事事的损失更大的浪费了。失业能够毁灭人生，埋葬预算、掀翻政府。然而，决策者并不对失业全面开战。

    Most, like the Federal Reserve, America's central bank, target what is known as unemployment's “natural” rate, at which inflation is stable.The importance of this concept is hard to overstate.
    译文
    它们大都是像美国央行——美联储那样，把目标锁定在所谓的失业的“自然”比率(unemployment's “natural” rate)，即通胀是稳定的那个比率上面。这一概念的重要性怎么强调都不为过。

    The Fed's argument for its recent interest-rate rises, for example, hinges on stopping unemployment from falling too far beneath the natural rate.Yet the natural rate is in many respects an article of faith, always sought but never seen.Where does it come from?There are several reasons why unemployment cannot simply be eradicated fully.It takes time for people to move from one job to another: this is said to cause “frictional” unemployment.
    译文

    例如，美联储支持其近期加息的论据就是围绕着阻止失业率降到自然比率之下太远的地方而展开的。然而，这种自然比率在很多方面就像是一种信念，总是被苦苦寻求，却从未被一睹其真面目。它来自何方？有多个为什么失业不能被简单地一笔勾销的原因。人们变换工作需要时间：据称，这引发“摩擦性”失业(frictional unemployment)。

    注释
    1.work out 起作用
    例句:Things just didn't work out as planned.
    事情根本没有按计划进行。
    2.Soon enough 很快
    例句:You'll find out soon enough.
    你很快就会搞清楚的。
    3.moved on 继续
    例句:He moved on through wet grass that soaked his trouser legs.
    他继续前行，穿过湿漉漉的草地，裤腿全湿透了。
    4.put up with 忍受；提出
    例句:My girlfriend is a saint to put up with me.
    能够忍受我，我的女朋友真的很有耐心。

    推荐阅读：
    1、每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day24
    2、每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day23