每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day6

  学习英语就像走路，不积跬步无以至千里，想要学好，就要养成日常的学习好习惯。跟着聚英考研网小编每日一篇，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。

  

  经济学人:公司理论:科斯集结令(3)

  Briefing  The theory of the firm: Coase call

  概述 公司理论：科斯集结令

  1.In 1991 Coase was awarded the Nobel prize for economics, largely on the strength of these two papers.But as late as 1972, he lamented that “The nature of the firm” had been “much cited and little used”.
  译文
  1991年，主要是因为这两篇论文的力量，科斯荣获了诺贝尔经济学奖。但是，早在1972年，他就曾经抱怨说，《公司的性质》“被引用了很多次，却很少被用到”。

  2.In a strange way, Coase himself was partly to blame.The idea of transaction costs was such a good catch-all explanation for tricky subjects that it was used to close down further inquiry.
  译文
  说来奇怪，这部分要怪科斯本人。交易成本的思想是一种如此优秀的对棘手课题的全方位的解释，以至于一度被用来封杀进一步的探讨。

  3.In fact, Coase's paper raised as many difficult questions as it answered.If firms exist to reduce transaction costs, why have market transactions at all?Why not further extend the firm's boundaries?In short, what decides how the economy as a whole is organised?
  译文
  实际上，科斯的论文提出了与其回答了一样多的难题。如果公司是为降低交易成本存在，为什么还会有市场交易呢？为什么不进一步扩展公司的边界呢？简言之，决定经济体是怎样作为一个整体被组织起来的是什么？

  4.Almost as soon as Coase had wished for it, a body of more rigorous research on such questions began to flourish.Central to it was the idea that it is difficult to specify all that is required of a business relationship, so some contracts are necessarily “incomplete”.
  译文
  几乎就在科斯希望对这类问题的研究开花结果的同时，一批严禁的研究结出了硕果。其核心观点是，列出为一种商业关系所需要的一切是困难的，因而有些合约必然是“不完整的”。

  5.Important figures in this field include Oliver Williamson, winner of the Nobel prize in economics in 2009, and Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom, who shared the prize in 2016.These and other Coase apostles drew on the work of legal theorists in distinguishing between spot transactions and business relations that require longer-term or flexible contracts.
  译文
  这一领域的重要人物包括2009年诺贝尔经济学奖得主奥利弗·威廉姆森(Oliver Williamson) 以及在2006年分享了这一奖项的奥利弗·哈特(Oliver Hart) 和本格特·霍姆斯特罗姆(Bengt Holmstrom)。这些以及另外一些科斯的信徒，在区分现货交易和需要长期或灵活合约的商业关系时，借鉴了法理学家的研究。

  注释
  1.close down 关闭
  例句:The library had to close down for it was too late.
  天太晚了，图书馆得关门了。

  2.as soon as 一...就
  例句:As soon as I had made the final decision, I felt a lot more relaxed.
  我一作出最后的决定就感到轻松多了。

  3.business relations 商业关系
  例句:They have business relations with our firm.
  他们和我们公司有生意来往。

  4.In short 简而言之
  例句:In short, it's possible that you hear the words and pay no attention to the content.
  简短来说，你可能听到了他的谈话但是并没有注意它的内容。

  推荐阅读：
  1.考研英语：学会精翻，长难句不是难题
  2.每日一篇:《经济学人》读译参考 Day5